Which Systems does this Kit cover?
This infoKit covers the implementation of all types of IT system whether they be small-scale tools to support aspects of e-Learning, institution-wide Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) or core business applications.
Small systems, those with only a handful of users, largely self-contained and subject to very few external pressures, are often developed, installed and operated with few problems. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about large systems, those that are complex, span multiple business functions, cross numerous organisational boundaries (both within and outwith the institution) and embrace different technologies. These types of systems have assumed the central role in handling operations at many organisations within the education community. Their selection and implementation projects are often long, usually spanning several years from first conception and investigation through to the final conclusion.
The current emphasis on lifelong learning means that many institutions will be aiming to create joined-up learning environments (often known as Managed Learning Environments or MLEs) on a regional basis and in these circumstances difficulties may be multiplied many times over.
This infoKit tends to deal with the complexities of these large implementations but, as with all the JISC infoNet material, the guidance is scaleable and so cut-down versions of the best practice methods presented here can be equally applied to small-scale, less complex implementations. The terminology therefore refers simply to Information Systems, this can cover business or learning systems, standalone, 'Best-of-Breed' or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It is assumed to mean a computer-based system, which comprises a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that an institution would use to collect, create, and distribute useful data in a manner that will support the operation and management of all of the organisation's business functions and, hopefully, integrate all facets of the business. Specific references are also given to particular types of system where appropriate.
The Systems Lifecycle
The traditional systems lifecycle consists of four phases. Like the learning cycle it is iterative and can operate on many levels. The four phases do however provide a starting point:
Analysis, during which new system projects are identified and initiated aiming to aid the learning experience and improve performance, information quality and process efficiency and to make best use of new technologies to more effectively serve an often widening range of stakeholders. The current ways of doing business are studied, the requirements for alternative replacement systems described and documented, and the scope of the project agreed;
Planning, during which features of alternative replacement systems are evaluated to confirm whether they meet current and future requirements, are compatible with the existing infrastructure and legacy systems, and support relevant institutional strategies. The selection of an optimal system solution requires meticulous planning;
Implementation - the topic covered by this infoKit; and
Review, during which the implemented system is supported, repaired, developed, upgraded and constantly reviewed and evaluated to ensure that improvements are made to meet changing statutory and user requirements and that the expected benefits are delivered.
